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I have read through a lot of questions regarding questions of a similar nature, but all of the questions I looked at involved fantasy worlds that were removed from the "real world." In my novel, I have five main characters, who are essentially kidnapped by scientists, given superpowers, and they basically try to prevent the head scientist from taking over the world. I have one character (only two main characters are present in novel one) who is of mixed race (African-American and caucasian).
The question is, do I need to address the issue of racism in the world during my novel?
Typically I would assume yes, but for my story, the characters really do not interact much with people outside of the five of them because they are kind of on the run since the government is sided with the scientists. Occasionally they will have small interactions with the rest of society, but it is normally either unimportant, with governmental figures, or with family members. Within the five of them, it wouldn't come up because there are other troubles that they have each been through that come up more than race, which really doesn't impact my characters. (Edit: This particular character is the son of an African-American woman {though she passed away when he was young} and a caucasian man who is the head of an organized crime or mafia-type group. He has been through a lot in his life and he's been kidnapped by many different groups trying to get to his father. Just thought I should specify this)
Thank you for any help you can provide!!
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All great fiction must connect in some way to the real world, and to the issues of the times. The difference in speculative fiction is that we are not bound by the way things actually are.
In Robert Heinlein's The Moon is a Harsh Mistress, the protagonist is mixed race. This is unremarkable in his home community on the moon. He experiences racial prejudice for the first time in life when he travels to Earth.
In Samuel Delany's Triton, people can change their race at will, but it doesn't solve their identity crises. In his Dhalgren, a transgressive interracial sexual relationship has the power to warp time and space.
In Octavia Butler's Kindred, a modern woman involuntarily time travels, and finds that none of her education or advantages of future knowledge protect her from the brutal prejudices of the past. In her "Xenogenesis" series, humans of different races are dismayed to find their DNA nonconsensually mingled by world-consuming aliens.
In NK Jemisin's Hugo-award winning "Broken Earth" trilogy, the metaphor for race is the powerful, dangerous, and forbidden earthshaking-power, an inborn trait that can expose people to powerful prejudice.
These are not obscure writers, these are the giants of the field, with multiple Hugos and Nebulas among them. If they can wrestle with race --in books going back as far as the 1960s --then so can you. One more example for you:
In the long-running Star Trek franchise, interactions with alien races are often used as a metaphorical way of looking at racial or cultural clashes. Meanwhile, the seemingly neutral way that racial differences are largely ignored among the human beings is actually a deliberate (and at one time, a bold and risky) statement about how the desired future for humanity is one where racial prejudice has been overcome.
Race does not have to be at the center of your story, or foregrounded. But if you want to be true to your characters, you need to take the time to understand them and their experiences and perspective. I'm a mixed-race American. My race is not my only trait or my most important one, but it's a rare day that it doesn't impact me in some way, even if it's only something minor and subtle. (And it's also a rare day that race doesn't impact the lives of white Americans as well, it's just that they are less likely to notice the way the construction of race is shaping their experience.)
You only have to bring up racism if it is one of the themes in your story. If it isn't a theme, then your better off not including it. People read fiction to escape into a dream world (not necessarily a picture-perfect world) a world that does not exist, but could exist. I know if I wanted to read about being treated bad I'd just go outside and walk down the street.
Now if your book has a clear dramatic question about racism, then you may incorporate it. This is because from the onset the reader will know, ok this book clearly has something to say about racism. So no, I would suggest not putting it into a fantasy book, it is a glaring distraction from characters who are trying to do things important to the story.
It would be like me writing:
In the land of fire and sand, where mages and warlocks shoot lightning from hand, except the Asian ones, there was once a man, whose name was Al'Lakalan, feared by all, even the damned.
As you can see, the racism part has disrupted the flow, become a glaring statement, and most importantly, broken the spell of immersion for the reader.
Hope this sheds a bit of light.
You are writing science fiction, right?
You could make a point of not mentioning human racism in any way, shape, or form, and thereby highlight how your fictional society differs from the real world.
This is a very good option if you are far in the future, or if mankind has contacted other sentient species. Of course a couple of centuries without racism should lead to plenty of mixed couples and children, anyway, so talking about race would be pointless.
If your story is set in the near future, in a world much like the real world except for a few, carefully introduced changes, it would be unrealistic if the world you describe is not racist. Much of the real world is racist, after all.
In this case, everyday racism will severely constrain the agency of your character.
Character 1: "Let's meet in the cafe at three o'clock."
Character 2: "Dumb idea."
Character 1: "Why not? It is out of the rain."
Character 2: "Look at my skin. You can wait there. I can't."
Character 1: "Doh."
Character 3: "Two men trailing us. Not very professional."
Character 4: "Let's call the police, let them try to explain that."
Character 3: "Here? Who do you think will get arrested?"
Everything that contributes to the story you want to tell needs to be included, and everything that detracts from your story needs to be excluded.
So if your story is about society or the personal experience of the hero, then racism is probably one of the things that are a part and belong there. But if your story is about superpowers and science, then you can exclude it and nobody will even notice. You even should exclude it in such case as it would only lead the reader down a trail of thoughts that leads nowhere.
It's Science Fiction, so depending on how far in the future this is set, we may assume that today's problems are totally irrelevant - but that in the future, there might be totally different problems. And that there will be people that are victims of systematic discrimination. But not because they are black, but for example because they are part of the garbage collection clan.
On the other hand, we are today not overly concerned with the fate of future garbage collectors, so you as the author and the characters of your story may show any amount of prejudical behaviour towards them.
It's clearly seen that you are defining and introducing the characters you had created and included in your book by using their "races". Then it's out of your control to either include the issue of "racism" or not, of course on the side of the readers.
As the author, you don't have to discuss, bring attention or express your thoughts on racism and the situation of the society, especially in a fictional work; but you can't expect that nobody will argue about your writing on the issue of racism after you mentioned the racial properties of the characters.
If you want to exclude racism not only in your story, but also on the side of the readers, then you have to exclude all kinds of "racial" descriptions from your story.
Certainly, you will have addressed racism when you describe a character, who is the head of an organized crime group, as Caucasian.
A novel doesn't have to address every problem with society.
A good novel has something it is trying to say (besides being entertaining) but you shouldn't try to shoehorn a treatment of every social injustice into your novel. You'll have some theme you are trying to express, and if you try to squeeze in everything else you'll end up with the point of your novel being buried in all the other stuff you included because you felt you had to.
Depending on what else is going on in your novel, you have many ways of dealing with racism:
Accept it as a part of your background - your imagined society hasn't managed to conquer it yet, just as our current society still has problems with it. This is more a thing to do when dealing with an imagined society that has its roots in our current day society.
Have it be a non-issue in your imagined society - if your imagined society has no roots in ours, then there's no need to assume it will have developed racism.
Have it be a solved issue in your imagined society - if your imagined society evolves from ours, you (as author) can declare racism in your future society to be a solved problem. Either just get on with the story on the assumption that racism isn't an issue, or insert some passing remark or reference about some point in history where racism was eradicated long before your story takes place.
Just ignore it. Your characters could have as many different skin colors as a rainbow, and nobody in the story even mentions it. Don't use stereotypes for your figures, have all of your characters just completely ignore skin color.
Make racism a part of your story - either by showing characters trying to eliminate it, or show characters affected by it. Maybe have a racist character learn to overcome their own racist tendencies, or have a racist end up on the flip side (make a racist become as member of a group that is discriminated against.)
It is your story. If you want to deal with racism, do so. If it isn't a part of your story, leave it out - or deal it a backhanded blow by having characters of all skin colors interacting without friction (caused by skin color,) but never ever mention racism directly. Antagonists should be known by their actions, not by their skin color.
It's not necessary at all.
A little over 50 years ago, Gene Roddenberry produced Star Trek. Of the main cast members, two were very much White Americans, one was black, one was Scottish, one was Russian (in the middle of the Cold War!), one was Japanese, and one was non-human, and this was all treated as perfectly normal and never remarked upon in-universe. And it became a massive success, spawning one of the biggest franchises of all time.
A little over 25 years ago, Haim Saban & co produced Mighty Morphin' Power Rangers. Of the five Rangers, three were white, one was black, one was Vietnamese, and partway through the first season they introduced Tommy, the Sixth Ranger, who was later explained to be Native American. These characters were portrayed as not only teammates but friends, people who always hung out together even for civilian activities, and being of different races from each other never mattered. About the closest anyone ever came to mentioning race as being something significant in any way was when Tommy's story arc involved a Native American spirit quest, and one point when introducing a new Ranger, an asian girl, she's shown using karate to fight off a monster. Someone asks her where she learned that, and she says "my ancestors invented it!" That's about as far as the show ever went in acknowledging race at all; I can't think of a single time throughout the franchise when anyone's been hated or discriminated against because of their ancestry or the color of their skin. And it was a massive success, spawning another one of the biggest franchises of all time.
There are other examples, but those are ones that should be familiar to pretty much everyone to one degree or another. They show that it's perfectly possible to have a story with a multi-racial cast, without the story caring about their races, and have it turn out well. If you don't want to talk about racism, don't write a story about racism. Just write a good story, and people will enjoy it.
Why do people seem to think that if a character isn't a straight white male, then the story must address homophobia, racism, and sexism?
When was the last time you saw a movie with a black actor that didn't "talk funny", and without jokes or antagonism related to race?
One of the things that made the original Night of the Living Dead movie memorable was that even though its main character was played by a black actor, there was nothing in the film that would have to be changed had he been white.
Casting Jones as the hero was potentially controversial in 1968: it was not typical for a black man to be the hero of an American film when the rest of the cast was composed of white actors, but Romero said that Jones simply gave the best audition. — Night of the Living Dead - Wikipedia
Making non-racist society the norm is not a bad way to go.
Similarly, I remember seeing a Columbo episode in which one of the characters was obviously gay. Throughout the entire show, no one commented about this, and it played no role in the plot. If you want to eliminate homophobia, that was the right way to do it.
Having female professionals, without referring to them as "a female doctor" or "a lady lawyer" or making an issue of their sex was a far more powerful method of eliminating sexism than was explicitly making an issue of it.
Sometimes (always?) the best way for an author to deal with ____ism is to create worlds in which it simply isn't an issue.
If racism is a component of your storyline, then mention it to whatever degree it's a component of your storyline.
Otherwise, never feel compelled to bring something in "just to bring it in". You are never burdened with addressing any societal issue you don't want to address, and if you do want to address it, then it by definition is part of the story.
But an incidental unimportant side reference to something as potentially flammable as race just "because"? No. If you don't need it, don't bring it.
I don't think you do need to address it, you can just ignore it.
One example I can think of is the superhero-comedy movie Hancock, with Will Smith. He's black, and plays John Hancock, a black superhero (with amnesia).
He lives like a bum, dressed in rags, filthy, drunk, sleeping on public benches. He does fight crime, sometimes with a bottle of whiskey in his hand, but his frequent careless destruction of millions of dollars worth of property makes everybody mad at him. Despite all that, there is no racism made evident, not a word. Not even from the murderous criminals he is stopping.
He does get triggered into anger by a word: Being called a "psycho". But that's it.
You don't have to address racism if you don't want to. Hancock did not, and it is a thoroughly enjoyable movie.
It's not enough to consider your character's present - you must also consider their past
People (and characters) are shaped by their experiences in life. Even if your characters are not dealing with racism during the course of your story, if they have experienced it in the past (and I dare say that any modern American of mixed heritage has experienced racism) it's going to shape how they react to their current events.
To use a simple example: Upon escaping kidnappers using the powers they gained during experiments, a black person is (in general) going to be much less inclined to call the police for help than a white person would be. The revelation that the police are siding with the kidnappers and declaring the escapees to be dangerous monsters will be much less shocking for them, because that experience is very much inline with their community's previous experiences with authority.
Now, obviously I am speaking in general, and this doesn't necessarily apply to your characters specifically. But it is something that you as the author need to examine. For each character, you need to ask "How has this character's experience been different from my own, and how will that make their reactions differ from what mine would be?"
You don't need to explain or explore these root causes in the story if that's not what the story is about. But understanding them will help make your characters feel more unique and more realistic than if you failed to consider their past experiences when designing their personalities.
Assuming your main characters haven't been in a regular society for a long time, I doubt it is necessary, however since your characters will occasionally interact with the rest of society, maybe you can have them be criticized for their unnatural and "Freakish" powers? Just a suggestion, but other than that I don't think it'll be necessary. Then again it's completely up to you, if you want to add it then go for it. You can always remove it if it doesn't work. Hope this helped you : )
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