: Re: Correctly implementing past tense I'm having difficulties with a sentence (and others like it) in the prose of a story. I've heard a lot of advice to both remain consistent with tense but also

@Lee1909368

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Your example is perfectly fine, provided the secretary has two arms.
The -ing words in sentences like this are not present tense verbs, they are present participles, and you are using them in participle phrases where the whole phrase functions as an adjective to describe the state of the secretary.
So, for example these are equally valid ways to describe Ivy...

Ivy, bored, spun the Rolodex.
Feckless Ivy spun the Rolodex.
Having no interest in the affair, Ivy spun the Rolodex.
Ivy spun the Rolodex wearing her usual expression of boredom.

Although a present participle might sound like you are supposed to use it in the present tense, that's not the case at all. It's to describe something that is true or occurring in the 'present' relative to your main verb. So it works in past, present or future. For example:

Barney, feeling hungry, looked in the fridge.
Becky, tired of his excuses, puts down the phone.
Rufus, being the King's eldest son, will claim the crown.

This is why your secretary needs two arms. The participle phrase must be true while she performs the action in the verb. If she only has one arm, she can't be holding her head up while spinning the Rolodex. The following are other examples which are incorrect, because they can't be happening at the same time:

Loading her gun, she fired three times.
Looking out to sea, he closed his eyes and thought of home.

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