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A "character arc" represents the changes in the character in different parts of the story. That is, how the impact of story events brings about changes in the character.
A "character development" is a description of a character at a point in time. That's a helpful thing to have, all other things being equal. My big fear is "that much" character development (at one particular time) will fix the character in that time period, and inhibit changes (or at least the audience perception of those changes) during the course of the story.
So are readers/viwers more interested in "character development" (background details of a character), or "character arc" (how the character changes). Put another way, which do you prioritize if they come into conflict, and how do you reconcile the two?
(3)More posts by @Welton431
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A character arc is not a required component of a story. It is a popular component of a certain type of story but the belief that you need to include an arc is a severely limiting factor.
Generally speaking people do not change. The writer reveals the character of a character by showing his reaction to challenge and circumstance.
A person who went on a journey, faced challenges along the way, but ultimately became a better person for it is a "Disney" plot.
A character arc is unimportant.
Your description of character development is strange to me. To provide an in depth characterisation of a character at any point in time would require a massive and tedious infodump. We reveal character scene by scene, and it shouldn't necessarily be a conscious thing. We don't write scenes for scene's sake. If we include a scene where the character gets up, makes breakfast and goes to work we likely SHOWING you the character (1) Lives alone (2) Is a vegetarian (3) Has a job.
Character development / building is more accurately described as character revelation. When he goes to him mother's house for Sunday dinner we discover he has two sisters and an absent father.
Character development is essential (Unless your main character is Dr Spock or Lassie).
How can a reader tell that a character's changed (in their character arc) if you don't show what the character was like before (character development, by your definition)?
Therefore, I believe that the two are interconnected. You cannot show the arc very well if you haven't shown the development.
What it sounds like you are afraid of is that there's a disconnect between the change and what they were and that will be confusing to the reader. What you must do is SHOW or tell if you must, the reason for the change.
Characters are who they are. When they change an aspect of their behavior, it needs to be clear as to why. It isn't a conflict and one is not more important than the other. When it becomes jolting is when they are suddenly acting totally differently than they have previously. It's up to you, as the author to either show or explain the change. The change can be temporary or permanent...
That's how you reconcile the two.
Both things are very important and can be very interesting. And if you look around, best examples of world literature (From "War and Piece" to "Lord of the Rings") are dealing with this problem. Protagonist(s) at the beginning of a story is not the same as at the end of it. Journey changes the person.
How to do it the best? That's a good question. In my opinion, one good approach is to expose your character to similar situations throughout the arc, and see how his/her reaction is changing over time.
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