: Can I copy images from published books and use them in my paper? When it comes to citing text from someone else's work, the rule is to provide a proper citation and source. Once you do that,

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Many media from 1920s-1977 copyright law change had DIFFERENT rules for copyright. Post 1977, works were automatically granted copyright upon creation. Before then, works HAD to be registered and renewed, and sometimes due to weird loopholes, works may "slip" into public domain (PD).

This is why many SF stories that were in magazines are PD, and how It's a Wonderful Life became PD and thus all over TV.

Illustrations if part of a work (like a brain diagram in a textbook) normally follow the same rules as the larger work, but if, say, it's a pic of a brain-eating monster drawn in an SF magazine, while the text may be PD, the artist may have actively renewed hir copyright (if possible).

Within academia, fair use is way more generous. If you are a student doing a project, just cite things.

If it's for (academic) publication, your University or college library probably has a Rights expert to help you, or someone from publications/legal.

Pros have to disclose to their editors any potential rights issues (like song lyrics) so they can plan the approach...if it's better to substitute an easier song, or if it's essential. There's a great documentary on Archive.org about documentarians having to "alter reality" due to rights conflicts.

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