: Re: Correct spacing for "Smith et al. (2008)" An academic paper is referred to as using the authors name and publication year. For example, Smith (2008) studied the property of blah-blah Smith

That's an annoying construction to punctuate, I agree. You might try:

Smith and Johnson's article (2013) investigated blah blah
The article from Smith and Johnson (2013) investigated blah blah
The paper from Johnson et al. (2013) investigated blah blah

Please note the space between al. and 2013. The al. is short for alia, meaning "others."
In any case, I wouldn't put the apostrophe-S after the year in parens. It looks too weird. Reword until you get the year and possessive apart.

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: I think what's being missed here is the idea that what makes something a "perfect" world is not the same for everyone. If you want an example of a utopia, try The Wizard of Oz and the

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: Standard format for symbols that denaote text, phone or email message or dialogue, when all are used in same story I am writing a short fiction piece that has rapid fire texts, emails, phone

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: Where in the writing process do you work in subtext? In the BBC Sherlock fandom there are many lively discussions about how a lot of the story takes place in subtext: Person C is a "mirror"

: Re: Correct spacing for "Smith et al. (2008)" An academic paper is referred to as using the authors name and publication year. For example, Smith (2008) studied the property of blah-blah Smith

More posts by @Debbie451

: I think what's being missed here is the idea that what makes something a "perfect" world is not the same for everyone. If you want an example of a utopia, try The Wizard of Oz and the

: Standard format for symbols that denaote text, phone or email message or dialogue, when all are used in same story I am writing a short fiction piece that has rapid fire texts, emails, phone

:

: Where in the writing process do you work in subtext? In the BBC Sherlock fandom there are many lively discussions about how a lot of the story takes place in subtext: Person C is a "mirror"

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