: How to identify whether a publisher is genuine or not? Despite an identical title: This question is in no means duplicate of this question. In my local area, there have been various ads running

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What you are describing sounds like a variant on an old scam -- the vanity poetry anthology. Up until 2009, a group calling themself the International Library of Poetry (also known as the International Society of Poets, International Poetry Hall of Fame, Poetry.com, etc) operated a scam along these lines in which they would solicit poetry submissions to contests they ran (to which almost all submissions were "semi-finalists"), then would sell anthologies of the "award-winning" poetry, as well as other merchandise, to the winners. The anthologies had essentially no circulation outside of the contest participants.

Do not pay for inclusion in an anthology. This is even more brazen a scam than the International Library of Poetry contest was, as you will not receive anything of value for your payment. (An "e-certificate" from the publisher is a worthless computer document, and your work's inclusion in the anthology will do nothing for your writing career.)

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I’m not disagreeing with any of the other answers, money either goes one way (from publisher to author) or it is a scam, but I do want to address one point: these being startups.

That may seem to give a semblance of plausibility to this scam, but it doesn’t. A publishing companies product is very simple — a story, and stories are easily acquired: you identify a writer and offer them money. The hard part isn’t getting a story, the hard part is identifying a story will be successful. The writer's willingness to pay to have their story published has no reasonable connection to how many people are willing to pay to read the story.

Ask yourself why they want money from the writer. How does that help them sell better or more books, and how does that benefit you as the writer?

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I agree with Mark Baker, and Chris Sunami. It sounds like a scam.

We have an equivalent thing in Academia, unfortunately it IS common for scientific journals to charge authors for publication, and there are some out there (junk journals) that will take anything, including complete gibberish (that has been tested multiple times), they will publish it online, charge the author, and the author can link to it as a "publication."

That is why we have to rank journals.

In non-academic fiction and non-fiction, never pay a publisher. Never pay an agent, either. I strongly recommend you GET an agent, but not one that charges you anything up front. They work on commission, or they aren't an agent!

(You can pay for editors and other professional reviewers, but shop around and see what the prevailing rate is and what they promise to do.)

You should even check any publisher that makes you an offer, find out what they actually have published and how well it did. As far as keeping their promise to publish online and in paperback: Sure, they can meet that contract and keep their scam legal: It is just that they will create a print-on-demand minimum quality paperback with a free clip art black-and-white cover, and print exactly as many paperbacks as they need to send to authors. They won't go to the expense and effort of actually trying to sell them to bookstores.

Because the scammers accept anything and they know their book is full of crap that no store is going to allow on their shelves. The fee you paid them is also paying for the books you get.

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A publisher that primarily makes money from authors, not from sales, is called a "vanity press." These are generally not considered real or legitimate publishers in the industry. However they do serve a niche --for writers who just want to see their work in print, who aren't looking for the prestige of a "real" publisher, who don't want to do the work themselves to self-publish, who don't expect or care about any further outcome, who know not to expect outside sales, and who are willing to pay a steep upcharge in order to make it into print.

Where these groups cross the line into being unethical is when they promise fame, fortune and prestige to writers for "just a small initial investment," despite the fact that most vanity press books never sell any copies (except to the author's friends and family), that next to no customers of these presses ever make their money back, and that the prestige of being published by one is nil (since it's always open to anyone willing to pay for it.)

It's worth noting, however, that a new trend in publishing is cooperative presses, where multiple authors contribute to an anthology, and then commit to selling copies to cover the cost of the printing. This is a bit of a gray area overlap with vanity presses, but the difference is that prices are not inflated to make money off the participants, and the sales pay for the printing. A setup like that is not necessarily unethical, as long as all the participants are very clear about the terms of their participation (although -- not unlike Girl Scout cookies, or other direct sales ventures -- it does tend to put an extra burden on the writers' friends and family members).

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Anthologies are often different from other publishing. It is common for small publishers or even individuals to put together a call for an anthology to include any short work: comics, artwork, poems, short stories, essays, even novellas. The author never pays the publisher for this. It is normal for the publisher to offer a flat payment (usually token) or a royalty on net profits. It's also normal to be paid in nothing but a free copy or two (usually one gets free e-books at least).

Small anthologies may use Kickstarter or similar programs to raise the capital needed to print the books. Even e-books may have fixed costs. Authors could contribute to these, but wouldn't be expected to.

What you're describing though isn't just anthologies. You talk about books being published. And a fee to the publisher for doing so.

This is called a vanity press or author services, depending what they're doing. Nowadays we also have print-on-demand publishers. In each case, the author is self-publishing but doing so with the help of a business. These businesses can be completely legitimate (or not, like with any type of business). But that doesn't mean you want to use them.

The companies you're coming across might be providing slightly different services and might be a cross between a vanity press and a small press (which is a traditional publisher who is just small), or they could be a vanity press pretending to be a publisher.

You have two separate tasks here:

Figure out what the business claims to do, with what financial arrangement, and if that's something you want.
Figure out if the individual business does what they claim (if they're a scam or not).

If you want a traditional publisher, then these aren't it. If you want to self-publish but with some professional assistance, then a company like these might be helpful (but research them thoroughly).

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